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How Dental Implant Works

 


Introduction:

Let's find out everything about dental implants: how they work, how they are made and how they are removed in case of failure. Thanks to the great progress made over the years in the dental field, today replacing a lost tooth with an artificial one is no longer a problem.

Modern implantology techniques allow us to rehabilitate chewing by means of fixed prosthetic devices, which effectively reproduce the aesthetics and function of one or more natural teeth.

To be able to apply an implant, it is necessary to undergo a small oral surgery, carried out on an outpatient basis, under local anesthesia. The new artificial root will consist of a titanium screw, inserted inside the maxillary or mandibular bone tissue, depending on the arch on which it is necessary to intervene.

To connect the endosseous screw to the dental crown, a connecting element (called abutment or transmucosal component in dental jargon) will be used.

The dental implant is therefore composed of three main parts, which when joined together allow you to firmly anchor a fixed dental prosthesis, which will function exactly like the previously lost teeth.

A fixed prosthesis work on dental implants, if subjected to regular checks and constant and correct oral hygiene, can take many years. According to some estimates carried out by experts, it appears that about 90% of the screws inserted have the possibility of lasting at least up to 10 years.

Since the plants fully reproduce the characteristics of natural roots, like the latter they are exposed to the action of bacteria present in the mouth. Precisely for this reason, especially if neglected, they can also "get sick" and need to be removed.


How are dental implants made?

Let's see how dental implants are made and what are the steps to be taken in order to build the new artificial tooth. Before performing an implant surgery, it is necessary to carefully study the clinical case of the patient to be treated.

It is therefore necessary to carry out a careful medical history aimed at excluding the presence of possible contraindications and pathologies, such as diabetes, smoking, pregnancy, some heart diseases.

The specific radiographic examinations will also allow us to evaluate the quantity and quality of bone material present in the arch to be rehabilitated. Through the intraoral radiography and the CT scan of the dental arch in 3D, the measurements of the screw to be grafted (length and thickness) are also established. Therapy takes place as follows:

• First, the implant is inserted into the bone, which must be positioned correctly, so that it can then be joined on an artificial tooth. At this stage, the preparation and experience of the dentist is essential;

• Seven to ten days after surgery, the sutures are removed and it is carefully checked that everything is going well;

• After a waiting period, usually a few months, the dentist takes the precision impressions. Some types of implants require, before taking the impression, the uncovering and application of a screw protruding from the gum, called a "healing screw", while other types do not require this step;

• The impressions are sent to the laboratory, where the dental technician is responsible for making the new tooth in a workmanlike manner, so that it resembles a natural one as much as possible;

• The prosthetic device, made of ceramic, is tested directly in the patient's mouth to verify that the shape, color and size are correct.

At this point, the dental crown is installed in the oral cavity together with the connecting element, perfectly fixed to the screw and is ready to be used.

In the case of immediate loading implants, waiting times are reduced and it is possible to immediately connect an artificial tooth to the implant. This technique is very useful in the event of tooth loss in the aesthetic area, but it can only be used in certain conditions and on carefully selected patients.

Implants also fail: why?

We have seen how dental implants work and how the various steps are carried out, necessary to obtain the much desired fixed teeth. As already mentioned, unfortunately even in this type of intervention there is a small percentage of failure, following which the artificial titanium roots risk having to be removed.

The causes of an implant failure can be basically two:

• Mechanical causes: a badly designed implant, incorrectly positioned or loaded with an inadequate prosthesis is subject to failures of both the titanium screw and the connected artificial tooth;

• Hygienic reasons: the implants must be placed in a healthy mouth, in the absence of periodontal disease.

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